Automotive Science and Engineering

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Multidimensional modelling of open-cycle process of OM355 engine was developed. Calculations for computational mesh were carried out. The results of the model were validated by experimentally measured in-cylinder pressure and the good agreement between calculations and measurements approved the trustworthy of numerical code. Results included pressure, temperature, emission and Rate of heat release diagrams were represented for the full cycle. Further more local flow field velocity vectors were indicated. The results show the importance of open-cycle simulations in automotive researches.

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A combined hydraulic engine mount and buffer is proposed in this study for use in the mid-priced vehicle. In some vehicle design projects, an engine is selected to use in a new car design. To achieve the desired vibration conditions, the mount can be redesigned with exorbitant costs and long-term research. The idea of using a buffer in the combination of the conventional engine mount is to suggest a solution with affordable price which can improve mount vibration specifications. As a case study, the engine of Renault L90 (Dacia Logan), which name is K4M engine, is selected to use in the national B class automotive platform design. This automotive platform is designed at Automotive Engineering Research Center of Iran University of Science and Technology. The hydraulic engine mount is modeled in CATIA. Some tests are done to validate the simulation results. The conventional and buffer-equipped mount characteristics, which are determined by CATIA, is imported to Adams/Vibration software to evaluate the vibration behavior of the engine mounts. The results show that the use of buffer reduces the stiffness of mount, which should be 2 to 3 times lower than engine's frequency excitation. In some directions, the buffer-equipped mount has a better modal energy and isolation characteristics.

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Adjustable throat-area expansion valves (ATAEV) are functioned as area regulator control units. In literatures, there are many expansion valves normally used in automotive air-conditioning systems, as regulator and electrical type valves. Nevertheless, a review study for such issue has not been introduced, according to the best of author knowledge. The present paper presents a review study for expansion valves used in air conditioning of automobiles. Different types of expansion valves are discussed including the working principles and the limitation of their working conditions.

 

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    Modeling and identification of the system of Iranian cars is one of the most basic needs of automotive and consumer groups and has a broad role for safe driving. It has happened with speed increasing or changing of shift gear, effects on water temperature or the car's torque has been observed, but how much and how intensely and with what algorithm this effect is identifiable, can be modeled and controlled, because up to now an algorithm that can show these effects during driving has not existed that what reaction should be made by the vehicle when it occurs untimely.
    Identification of each automobile sector lonely has been considered in recent decades, and in some cases, some relationships have been investigated, but from a control point of view, the lack of comprehensive effects of all parts of a car on the other parts is to get an identification algorithm in the automotive industry, and it requires more in-depth studies, because the complexity of the behavior of different parts of the car has made many attempts not fully understandable. Hear it's supposed to control different parameters of Iranian vehicles by using LS estimation and fuzzy logic controller and the simulation is done in Matlab software by storing and validating data of a Dena vehicle through CAN network.

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Today, the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has significantly increased as an energy storage technology. In recent years, the high demand for lithium for LIB has resulted in a significant increase in the consumption of lithium-containing materials. It is anticipated that the reduction of lithium due to the limited reserves of lithium will be one of the major challenges in the future. The primary component of the lithium-ion battery industry is lithium, which is extracted from natural minerals and saline water. However, the extraction of lithium from natural minerals and saline water is a complex process that requires a significant amount of energy. Conversely, the quantity of batteries that are approaching the end of their lifespan is unavoidably increasing at an alarming rate. In order to address the obstacles that the lithium battery supply chain encounters, it is imperative that a variety of recycling technologies and methodologies be further developed. This article concentrates on technologies that can recycle lithium compounds from LIB through distinct processes and procedures. These stages are further divided into two pre-treatment phases and a lithium extraction stage. The lithium extraction stage is further divided into three primary methods: pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, Direct. This review article quantitatively compares and analyzes the processes, advantages, disadvantages, efficiency, price, environmental contamination, and degree of commercialization of each recycling method. This review can offer a suitable perspective to enhance this path.

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Lithium-ion batteries hold great promise for addressing environmental and energy challenges, driving their increased adoption in electric vehicles. Their advantages include stability, high energy density, low self-discharge, and long lifespan. However, both high and low temperatures pose significant challenges. High temperatures can lead to thermal runaway and safety hazards such as short circuits and explosions, while low temperatures can promote the formation of lithium dendrites, resulting in degradation and performance issues. To mitigate these thermal challenges, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising solution for battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of PCMs and their application in BTMS. We categorize PCMs used in BTMS based on their modified filler materials and functionalities, including carbon-based (carbon fiber-PCM composites, carbon nanotube-PCM composites, and expanded graphite-PCM composites), metal foam, metal mesh, and organic and inorganic materials. Both inorganic and carbon-based materials can serve as highly thermally conductive encapsulants and fillers for PCMs. Finally, we present a thorough review of recent research on the thermal properties of modified PCMs and their impact on BTMS performance, including a detailed discussion of PCM performance metrics and selection criteria.